Spray gun



June 11, 1935. Y F. WAHLIN v 2,004,303Y

SPRAY GUN Filed sept. 4, 1954 e V'flatteningthe spray alonga` horizontal planet *constitute an annular VEair chamber to which air i" Patented `une 11',

` l 2,004,303f" f SPRAY GUNV v Fritz Wahlin, nChicago, I'll., `ass'gnor to Bink'sl .l Manufacturing' Conflpaliy; Chicago, Ill.,` a corporation ofLDelaware l i 1 g g Application September 4,.1934,.Seria1.No. 742,543 l v,i 15 1 v.141o1aims- (c1. zeermn "My invention relates to jthe 4class'ofspiay ap- 1 Figiv 2-isa vertical `section through the same `pliances by which the pneumatically` propelled "spray gun parts, taken along the comon axis of and atornized material may be projected either the material nozzle and of the two sidelair ports. alspray of conical section,` orf in a spray of l V'-Fig. 3 islahorizontal: section throughthe saine 5f 'elliptical section attenedlto any desireddegree `sprayl gun parts,` taken at right angles to the 5 and along any desireda'xis diainetricofthespray. l sectionof Fig.r2. w v i i `In spray appliances of this class; `particularly Fgwl .is a perspective View of thewliquid noz- 0 when constructed as so called spray guns,the zle alonef..` a i ,l f flattening of the spray is 'usually effected by-tWo Fig; 5 is a section taken through the liquid Yl'O jets Ofair. issujnglfrom forwardly convergingflside 1102219 atlght angles t0 the aXS Of that I1OZZ1e` 10 l ports at opposite sidesofthe axis ofthe issuing l `and along'the line 5-^5 of Fig. 4, with apart of stream of material, while the air foi-both of these .the .twoeported balelange 0f this nozzle broken ports is supplied conjointly through a` passage saway. u .l ..11 .i f Awhichcannot have itsinlet onthe said axis bejFig; 6is a section taken through thejair nozzle l lr cause the material nozzle mustbe on that axis. l alone,lalongthe"line 6-6 of Fig.` 2. 15

- Owing toithejust recitedrequirement i the ar- '11n-Figs 2 and4 3, the illustrated forward porrangement lusually is such that the resulting flaty"tionfofr the spray gun body l has a` longitudinal tened spray `will 'only 'be "symmetrical 'in "cross` ,.bole' 2xforlslidably guiding the usual needle valve section (with respect t`o` a.` plane diametricof-the @35Wh0h COIIITOIS the discharge 0f the paint Or :120 axis of the spray) l if theair for `these side ports other liquid, and has in its forward endan an- 30 bis equally divided between the two sidelports, unularpgroove` 4 concentric with the said bore 2. I l "In one of its ina-jor objects, rnylinvention aims .The gun bOdS7 also has an air supply DdSSge 5 lftoprovidea'simple and inexpensive head conbleading tojthe groove 4, and a liquid supply lstruicizion for a` spray `appliance of this class passage. 6 which has its outlet end coaxial with whichr will `equalize the supply of air to `thetvvo--A the saidbore 2. f side air ports regardless ofthe krotationalposi-` Ablllti-Ilg. reaI'W'I'dly against the forward end tion ofi'thfe part ofr-theappliance which is pro- Oflthe gun body is a-liquid nozzle "I (shown sep- 1 "'vided with these portsl p d `aratelyin Figs. 4 and 5) having an axial bore la In av .second major, object, my inventionaims tOlWhChrhe lqllidwpaSSage 5 in Shogun` body 20 to provide an unusual light inexpensive and conleads, which passage has its forward portion re- "50 veniently arrangedlvalvearrangement for coniducedin diameter and controlled by thev needle i trolling thetotal air supply -tothe said wsidefair valve V3. This liquid nozzle is centered, coaxports g l i i' g ially `with the bore 2 which guides the needle More particulaLrhf,V ymy inventionairns to Vprovalve, by an annular forwardly projecting boss u fis Vide 1a Control Valve' aymngementffor the r'e la on the gun bodywhich ts intoI a recess lb 3 4citedpurpose `iii which the movable valve memin the saidnozzle, and the liquid nozzle is latched ber together with themeans `for"actuatinggthis against'lrotating. out of theposition fshown-in inember are supportedrby the body of the spray Fig. 3 by a'fdowelpin 8 which projects forwardly gun, while the port controlled by the said mefnfromthe gun :body andextends slidably into a .40 ber isA in a part ofthe detachable head of"the-gun,zbore `in the rear end of the said nozzlea` 40 1 thereby permitting a variety of head construc-UV The-periphery ofthe. liquid nozzle is formed, l tions to befused'interchangeably. Q as in` Fig 4, so that the. rear end `ofthe nozzle` Furthermore, fniy invention'aiinsto provide `a ypresents .a peripheral. .flange 1c adapted to be material discharging nozzle for so called liquid overhung by the diametrically contracted for- .43 nozzle which also has passageways for the' airl wardendportioniof aclamping ring 9 which has 45 Atotheside ports andinwhichthese'passageways litsrear portion threadedon the forward end are arranged for equalizing the fair supply to the of` the gn bOdY. The liquid nozzle also is formed .Y @WQ airport@ n i f I Y `sc aslto present three peripheralanges l0, Il

4illustrative of the mannerin'whichl accomand l`2, spaced longitudinally :of the nozzle `and r 501' plish'the-above 'reeitedlobjects `aswell as other fflhaving tlieirperipheries in a` common conical@O advantageousnobjects'; e surface. Moreoven'the rear end-of the nozzle Figi is an enlarged sideelevation of forward desirably has an-annular groove G coaxialfwith ''poitionsrof a l"spray gunfernbodyinginy invention, Athe `nozzle and facing the `frontal groove 4 in' the lshowing"thiswith thearnozzle positionedi'or gunbody, solthat'these vtwo groovesconjointly is supplied through the air passage 5 in the gun body.

'Ihe rear end groove G in the liquid nozzle is connected to the peripheral groove g between the flanges I and II by a port P which extends through the ange I0 and this po-rt is controlled by the hereafter described valve, so that (when this port is open) air flowing from the gun body passage through the cooperating grooves 4 and G will pass through the said port into the groove behind the flange II. Extending through the last named flange I I are two ports I4 which have their `axes in a common plane p (Fig. 5) .diametric of the nozzle and at right angles to the diametric plane p1 in which 'the Yaxis of the port P is disposed.

Fitted upon the liquid nozzle is a generally caplike air nozzle A which has y,a truste-conical bore fitting the common taper of the peripheries of the flanges IB, II, and I2 of the liquid nozzle, as

shown in Figs. 3 and 4. 'Ihis yair nozzle has the usual central air port C into which the tip or outlet end of the liquid nozzle freely extends, and also has the usual diametrically opposite horns H through which supplemental air passages l5 lead to forwardly converging side ports AS' and both of these passages I5 have their inlet ends opposite a peripheral groove g2 on the liquid nozzle between the flanges I I and I2 of the latter nozzle.

Moreover, the liquid nozzle is so formed as to afford an annular space I'I forwardly of the flange I2 and behind the frontal portion A1 of the air nozzle, and the liquid nozzle has a plurality of longitudinal air passages I8 extending .through this nozzle from its rear end groove G, through which air also will flow to the said space and thereafter issue alongside the tip of the liquid nozzle through the central air port C of the liquid nozzle.

When in use, the air nozzle is clamped upon the liquid nozzle by any suitable means, as for Yexample by a retaining ring R which is llatchedzto the air nozzle by a spring ring 1 and which retaining ring is threaded upon the forward part of the clamping ring 9, as shown in` Fig. 23. vWith the port P inthe liquid nozzle open and fcompressed air supplied -to the gun body passage Y5, the grooves 4 and G cooperate .to afford a largesectioned annular air passage through y,which the `air Vwill reach both .the rearward 'port P in the liquid nozzle and the longitudinal air passages I8.

The air admitted `through :the saidport 1P to the groove y in the liquid nozzle then divides and flows in opposite directions (longitudinally of thesaid groove) to the two ports I4 in l.the `Jiange II;-and, since'the ports I4 have rtheir axes equally spaced from the axis of the portP (as shown in Fig. 5) each of the ports I4 `receives an @equal amount of air. Consequently, lairis'supplied at equal pressure to twodiametrically .opposite portions of the more forwardgroove .g2 in the liquid nozzle, which groove has Ydiametrically-opposite portions respectively .adjacent to 'theinlet ,ends

of the two horn passages I5through which :air is suppliedfor the `usual `side (or vspray-flattening) jets. Stated `in other words, vthe middle peripheral flange I lis .a :baliiexwhich compels the air .in the rear groove g Itofdivide `itself between the two. ports I4.

With `my combination liquid discharging .and air :distributing nozzle thus constructed, `.the equalizing of the air supply for the side.air jets is obtained regardless .of -the rotationahposition of the air nozzle, which position can readily be changed (when the retaining ring R is slightly loosened) so as to have the spray flattened along any desired plane diametric of the nozzle assembly. For example, if the horn passages I5 have their axes in the same plane (diametric of the nozzle assembly) with the flange ports I4, as shown in full lines in Fig. 6, the air supply from these ports (which was -equalized -by the previously described location of the said ports with .respect to the controlled air port P in the more rearward flange I0 of the liquid nozzle) will obviously be equal.

Likewise, if the air nozzle is rotated to dispose the two opposite as shown in dotted lines at I5' in Fig. 6, each of these ports will still be at the same distance from the outlet of one of the ports I4., .so .that the .air supply for the side air jets will lstill be .equalized To effect this equalization for a'll rotational positions of the air nozzle with- ',outamaterialreduction in the air pressure, I desirably-,also provide the air nozzle withan interior groove 2l) .from which both horn passages I 5 open, this `groove 20 being opposite to and facing the groove g2 on the liquid nozzle so that the two 4grooves cooperate to afford an annular -air-distributi-ng passage of considerable cross-sectional area. To control the air-port P conveniently, I desirably provide la valve arrangement supported entirely of the gun body and preferably arranged so that -it `can readily :be manipulated by a finger of .the same hand which supports the spray gun. Thus, the 'drawing shows the gun body ashaving a -bore 2 I extending rearwardly into it and openingfinto the frontal groove 4 inthe gunbody. To allow for this VWithout materially increasing the weight-of .the;gun, I desirably provide the forward portion of the .left side of the gurl body with -two lateral enlargements IIb and Ic spaced one behind the other Ito leave room for a valve-actuating wheel W, andcontract the diameter of the rearward portion 2Ia of the .bore -2I which is formed in the forward enlargement Ib.

`Then I provide=a movable valve member which includes .a valve stem S having at its forward lend a forwardlytapering head H adapted to close the rear or inlet end of the controlled port P, which rear kend preferably is Vat right angles to `the axis of the body bore I2. `extends slidably'through the smaller-diametered `bore portion 2Ia andhas a peripheral flange S1 spaced sufiiciently forward from the rear end-of Athe main bore portion-4 `to leave room both for .an annular packing 23 bearing against that bore desirably also provide .the Vrearward; enlargement lc `with aguide .bore 26 into which the rear end yof the valve stem'extends. To move the just describedvalve member longitudinally Iprovide an lexteriorly knurled wheel W having a threaded bore fitting the thread part S2 ofthe valve stem,

this Wheel-being `of-such a diameter-as to project beyond the. said body enlargements and-,of a width slightly less than the spacing-between .theseienlargements.

Thus, arranged, 4thespringll .continually'urges the lvalve stem-forwardly `so as-to press .the forward-end ofthe .wheel W.against.the rear end .of

This valve stem r fthe forward body enlargement lb, and digital -rtations of the said wheel will `readily move the lvalve member longitudinally either forwardly or frearwardly, as the gripping of a part of the stem ofthe valve member by the packing 23 acts frictionally to prevent the stem from rotating. Moreover, when thel retaining ring 9 and the clamping ring R are both unscrewed, the air nozzle and the liquid nozzle can instantly be detached `from the gun body. If the wheel W is then rotated-to push the valve stem forward to run the wheel off the threaded part of this stem, the valve member can then be grasped by its head I-I to remove it entirely if desired:` Moreover, the bore `4 in the gun body also can be flushed out without detaching the valve member, so that all of the 1novelparts` of my spray appliance construction can be easily and speedily cleaned. i VUSince the combination nozzle shownv separately in Fig. 4 serves the combined purposes of a liquid changeably with air nozzles having different diyameters of their side ports S, according to the `nature of the material which is to be sprayed. YlE-Iowever, while I have heretofore described my invention in connection with an embodiment including numero-us desirable details of construction and arrangement,.many changes might be made without departing either from the spirit of my invention or from the appended claims. For example, since the opposed grooves l and G cooperate to aord a single air chamber, it should be obvious without separate illustration that either. one of these two cooperating grooves could be omitted; and it likewise should be obvious that theinterior groovell in the air nozzle may be omitted, since this merely serves to augment the cross-sectional area of the groove g2 in the liquid `nozzle,'into which latter groove the smaller diametered ports I4 open. l l

i The dowel pin 8 may likewise be omitted, since a careful userof such an appliance could determine the proper rotational position ofthe liquid nozzle (with respect to the gun` body) by iitting Vthe. inlet end of the port P of that nozzle over the tip of the head H of the movable valve member.l If this assembling should not be quite exact, `the illustrated difference in diameter between the enlargement S1 on the said valve member` and that of the bore 2l would allow the Vstem of this `member to flex suiiciently to afforda closing of pend on the manner in which this appliance is supported when in use; also, that the here disclosed air control and air equalizing provisions do `not depend on the providing of tubular horns for the later emission of the air, since it is immaterial to my invention how the spray-attening air is discharged after it has been supplied in equal proportions to the forward peripheral 1. In a spray appliance of theclass recited, a`

body member having a liquid duct and an air .duct extending through it; a liquid nozzle having a bore to which the liquid duct leads, the liquid` nozzle and the body member being formed for @affording an air chamber between them to which the air duct leads; an air nozzle tted upon the liquid nozzle and provided both with a central air port and two side airports, the two nozzles being formed to afford an air passageway leading from the said air chamber to the central air port and a secondair passageway connecting the air chamber with both Ioi' `the side air ports; and a valve member movably 'supported by the body member and directly controlling the inlet of the said second passageway. l

2. A spray appliance as perclaim l, in which the said second air passageway has 'its inlet facing toward the body member, and in which the valve member is movabletoward and away from' the said inlet.` l l 3. A spray appliance as per claim l, in which n the said second `air passageway has its inlet fac-` ing towardthe body member and its inlet end spaced forwardly from an `adjacentfrontal portion ofthe body member, and in which the valve member is movable axially of the said inlet toward and away from the said inlet.

4.. A spray appliance as per claim l, in which the valve member has its `forward `portion eX- tending continually into a part of the said air chamber and forwardly beyond the body member. y

5. A spray appliance as per claim 1, in which the said second air passageway has its inlet facing toward the body and in which the valve mem# ber is movable axially of the said inlet toward and away fromthe said inlet, and means interposed between `the liquid nozzle and the body member for xing the rotational position of the liquid nozzle with respect to the body member so as to maintain the Valve member inalinement with the said inlet. l 6. In a spray appliance, a body member; a liquid nozzle supported by and in front of the body member; the said nozzle being provided with a liquid passage andjwith an air passageway which passageway has a rearwardly open inlet spaced forwardlyfrom an adjacent portion of a body member, the body member having passageways for supplying liquid and air respectively to the` liquid passage and the air inlet of the air nozzle; a valve member slidably supported by the body `member for movement toward and away from the yinlet of the said air passageway; spring means continually urging the valve member toward the said air inlet, and means threaded upon the valve member and engaging a portion of the body member for moving the valve member away from the said air inlet against the resistance of the spring means.

7. In a spray appliance of the recited class, a body member, a nozzle disposed forwardly of and clamped against the body member, the said noz- CII zle having an air passagewaypresenting an air inlet facing rearwardly toward the body member; the body member having a forwardly open air supply passage and having a laterally open slot spaced rearwardly from the said passage; the body member also having a longitudinal bore disposed behind the said inlet and forwardly of the said slot, and having a relatively smaller diameter-ed bore extending rearwardly in continuation of the aforesaid bore and opening into the said slot; a valve member including a stem extending successively through and beyond the outer ends of the said two bores, and also including a head adapted to close the said inlet; a wheel threaded on the part of the said stem which is within the said slot and means associated with the said stem for deterring rotation of the latter; the wheel having its end faces respectively disposed for engaging opposite walls of the said slot, so that rotation of the wheel will move the said stem longitudinally.

8. A spray appliance as per claim '7, including a spring operatively interposed between the said stem and the bottom of the said bore for continually urging the said stem forward so as to press the said wheel against vthe forward wall of the said slot.

l 9. In a spray appliance of the class recited, a body member having a liquid duct and an air duct extending through it; a liquid nozzle having a bore to which the liquid duct leads, the liquid nozzle and the body member being formed for affording an air chamber between them to which the air duct leads; an air nozzle fitted upon the liquid nozzle and provided both with a central air port and two side air ports; the air nozzle having an air passage leading from the said air chamber to the central air port and a second air passageway leading from the air chamber to both of the said air ports; the second air passageway having its inlet facing and spaced forwardly from an adjacent portion of the body member, a valve member longitudinally movable upon the body member toward and away from the said inlet for controlling the ilow of air through the said second passageway, the body member having a perforated portion through which the valve member slidably extends; a packing member bearing rearwardly against the said perforated portion andgripping a part of the valve member to prevent the latter from rotating about its own axis; a compression spring interposed between the packing member and a more forward portion of the valve member; and a nut threaded upon the valve member behind the said perforated portion and bearing forwardly against the latter perforated portion.

l0. In a spray appliance, a liquid nozzle having an axial bore and having three peripheral flanges presenting their peripheries in a common surface of revolution, the liquid nozzle having an air inlet port extending through the most rearward flange and having two auxiliary ports extending through the middle one of the said flanges, the two auxiliary ports being respectively adjacent rto diametrically opposite sides of the flange through which they extend and equally spaced from the axis of the first named air port; .and a generally cap-like air nozzle having its bore fitting the peripheries of all three of the said flanges, and having two diametrically opposite air passages the inlet ends of which face the annular space between the two forward flanges of the liquid nozzle.

1l. In a spray appliance, a liquid nozzle and an air nozzle as per claim 10, in which the air nozzle has an interior groove facing the said annular space and cooperating with the latter space to afford an annular air chamber interposed between the outlets of the two auxiliary ports of the liquid nozzle and the inlet ends of the said diametrically opposite air ports.

l2. As a constituent for the head portion of a spray appliance of the class described, a nozzle having two peripheral ilanges spaced longitudinally of the nozzle by a groove; the rearward flange having an air inlet port extending through it and the forward ange having two relatively smaller diametered air ports extending through it, the said smaller ports-being respectively adjacent to opposite sides of the nozzle and having their axes in a common plane diametric of the nozzle, the said plane being at right angles to a plane diametric of the nozzle and in which latter plane the axis or" the first named air port lies.

i3. In a spray appliance of the class in which a liquid nozzle is disposed forwardly of a body member, and in which an air nozzle is fitted over vthe liquid nozzle and is provided with two diametrically opposite air discharge passages, a liquid nozzle having two longitudinally spaced peripheral flanges both disposed rearward of the inlets of the said air discharge passages, the more rearward flange having a single air inlet port extending through it and the other flange having two relatively smaller ports extending through it, the said smaller ports having their axes in a plane diametric of the nozzle and at right angles to the plane diametric of the nozzle in which the axis of the inlet port is disposed; the liquid nozzle having an annular air supply groove from which the inlet port leads, and having a peripheral groove into which both of the smaller diametered ports open and from which the air discharge passages lead.

le. In a spray appliance, a body member provided with a liquid passage and an air supply passage; a liquid nozzle abutting rearwardly against the body member and having a bore into which the said liquid passage opens; and an air nozzle clamped rearwardly against the liquid. nozzle and formed for affording two air discharge passages presenting forwardly converging outlet portions; the body member and the liquid nozzle having their abutting portions formed to afford an annular air chamber between them, to which chamber the air supply passage leads; the liquid nozzle having an air-passageway presenting a rearwardly open inlet to the said air chamber and leading to both of the said air discharge outlet portions; and a valve member supported solely by, and projecting forwardly beyond the body member; the valve member being movable toward and away from the said inlet of the air-passageway for 'controlling the said inlet.

FRITZ WAHLIN. 

